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From: Stefan Monnier <monnier@HIDDEN>
To: Mattias =?windows-1252?Q?Engdeg=E5rd?= <mattias.engdegard@HIDDEN>
Subject: Re: bug#76731: C-style comment regexp example in (info "(elisp)Rx
Notation") is not correct
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2025 18:42:42 -0400
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> I see no fundamental reason why they should be, as the C comment syntax can
> be parsed efficiently by a tiny state machine.
Our regexp engine lacks to "switch" kind of operation needed for that.
After a series of `*` we have two mutually exclusive paths, depending on whether
the next char is a `/` or something else, but we don't have a "look
ahead" so we have to push a backtrack-point before we try to match the
next char with `/`.
Stefan
bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN:bug#76731; Package emacs.
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[188.150.186.155]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 2adb3069b0e04-550e702cf84sm834560e87.178.2025.05.17.03.21.54 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Sat, 17 May 2025 03:21:55 -0700 (PDT) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Mime-Version: 1.0 (Mac OS X Mail 14.0 \(3654.120.0.1.15\)) Subject: Re: bug#76731: C-style comment regexp example in (info "(elisp)Rx Notation") is not correct From: =?utf-8?Q?Mattias_Engdeg=C3=A5rd?= <mattias.engdegard@HIDDEN> X-Priority: 3 In-Reply-To: <tencent_9353EF0A7079C70A2BF9CA0D6827CE234E08@HIDDEN> Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 12:21:52 +0200 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-Id: <74D426F1-2A7B-4F6A-BBF2-3CC1885BD138@HIDDEN> References: <tencent_225F4E92EFB870E4C7062BE2CA5568F9CE08@HIDDEN> <CADwFkmmvJpOC5S50YhcLO3-sxNi_JGtX0vv7A-X_cYpK4-Pfuw@HIDDEN> <3EEF8EDD-A2FB-46F5-9FEA-E477DD4FBA54@HIDDEN> <tencent_9353EF0A7079C70A2BF9CA0D6827CE234E08@HIDDEN> To: Yue Yi <include_yy@HIDDEN> X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.3654.120.0.1.15) X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 76731-done Cc: Stefan Kangas <stefankangas@HIDDEN>, Stefan Monnier <monnier@HIDDEN>, 76731-done <at> debbugs.gnu.org X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit <at> debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18 Precedence: list List-Id: <debbugs-submit.debbugs.gnu.org> List-Unsubscribe: <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi-bin/mailman/options/debbugs-submit>, <mailto:debbugs-submit-request <at> debbugs.gnu.org?subject=unsubscribe> List-Archive: <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi-bin/mailman/private/debbugs-submit/> List-Post: <mailto:debbugs-submit <at> debbugs.gnu.org> List-Help: <mailto:debbugs-submit-request <at> debbugs.gnu.org?subject=help> List-Subscribe: <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/debbugs-submit>, <mailto:debbugs-submit-request <at> debbugs.gnu.org?subject=subscribe> Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces <at> debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" <debbugs-submit-bounces <at> debbugs.gnu.org> X-Spam-Score: -1.0 (-) 16 maj 2025 kl. 17.12 skrev Yue Yi <include_yy@HIDDEN>: > I'm not an expert in regular expressions, but it seems that cases like = C > block comments are hard to handle without introducing > backtracking. I see no fundamental reason why they should be, as the C comment syntax = can be parsed efficiently by a tiny state machine. The first "/*" = encountered is always the beginning of the comment on matter what is = found later, and the first "*/" after that is always the end. There is = never any reason to go back and try a different parse. Non-DFA regexp engines such as the one in Emacs need some hacks and/or = carefully formulated regexps to avoid consuming stack space but that's a = different matter. I still think we should be able to do better with = either your or my regexps. I kept your proposed fix instead of switching to a different example. = The quoted-string case is simpler but the amount of backslashes = detracted from the point of the exercise. Fix pushed to master. Thank you again!
"Yue Yi" <include_yy@HIDDEN>:Mattias Engdeg氓rd <mattias.engdegard@HIDDEN>:
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Subject: Re: bug#76731: C-style comment regexp example in (info "(elisp)Rx
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Content preview: Mattias Engdegård Fri, 16 May 2025 15:46:40 +0200 writes
> And my sincerest thanks to you for noticing this. Everyone who writes
technical > texts knows how valuable people who actually work [...]
Content analysis details: (2.6 points, 10.0 required)
pts rule name description
---- ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------
0.0 RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_CERTIFIED_BLOCKED RBL: ADMINISTRATOR NOTICE:
The query to Validity was blocked. See
https://knowledge.validity.com/hc/en-us/articles/20961730681243
for more information.
[162.62.57.87 listed in sa-accredit.habeas.com]
0.0 RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H3 RBL: Good reputation (+3)
[162.62.57.87 listed in wl.mailspike.net]
-0.0 RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE RBL: Sender listed at https://www.dnswl.org/,
no trust
[162.62.57.87 listed in list.dnswl.org]
0.0 RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_RPBL_BLOCKED RBL: ADMINISTRATOR NOTICE: The
query to Validity was blocked. See
https://knowledge.validity.com/hc/en-us/articles/20961730681243
for more information.
[162.62.57.87 listed in bl.score.senderscore.com]
-0.0 SPF_PASS SPF: sender matches SPF record
0.0 SPF_HELO_NONE SPF: HELO does not publish an SPF Record
0.0 FREEMAIL_FROM Sender email is commonly abused enduser mail
provider (include_yy[at]qq.com)
0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message
0.0 RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL Mailspike good senders
0.0 FROM_EXCESS_BASE64 From: base64 encoded unnecessarily
0.4 RDNS_DYNAMIC Delivered to internal network by host with
dynamic-looking rDNS
3.2 HELO_DYNAMIC_IPADDR Relay HELO'd using suspicious hostname (IP
addr 1)
-1.0 MAILING_LIST_MULTI Multiple indicators imply a widely-seen list
manager
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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Subject: Re: bug#76731: C-style comment regexp example in (info "(elisp)Rx
Notation") is not correct
From: =?utf-8?Q?Mattias_Engdeg=C3=A5rd?= <mattias.engdegard@HIDDEN>
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"Yue Yi" via "Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text
editors" <bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN> writes:
> In Elisp Manual's Rx Notation section, we have
>=20
> Here is an =E2=80=98rx=E2=80=99 regexp(1) that matches a block =
comment in the C
> programming language:
>=20
> (rx "/*" ; Initial /*
> (zero-or-more
> (or (not "*") ; Either non-*,
> (seq "*" ; or * followed by
> (not "/")))) ; non-/
> (one-or-more "*") ; At least one star,
> "/") ; and the final /
>=20
> Sadly, this regexp is not correct, as demonstated by this simple
> example:
> /***/ 123 /* anything else */
You are completely right! I just don't know what I was thinking. Sorry =
about that!
And my sincerest thanks to you for noticing this. Everyone who writes =
technical texts knows how valuable people who actually work through =
examples are.
1. How to fix it
Your proposed solution,
> (rx "/*"
> (* (| (not "*")
> (: (1+ "*") (not (or "*" "/")))))
> (1+ "*") "/")
appears correct but Emacs's NFA engine will match a final run of stars =
twice. Consider the text
/*************************************/
The regexp will match all stars, encounter the final slash, backtrack =
and match the stars again before matching the slash. A bit inelegant =
perhaps. More seriously, the stack usage is such that it can't parse a 1 =
MB comment without running out of stack space (on my machine). To be =
fair, he original regexp had the same problem.
(And yes, non-greedy operators can be used for a simple solution but as =
the footnote in the text says that's not the point here.)
2. Better alternative?
(rx "/*"
(* (not "*"))
(+ "*")
(* (not (in "*/"))
(* (not "*"))
(+ "*"))
"/")
is slightly more complicated but doesn't backtrack as much.
It still produces unnecessary backtrack points between runs of stars; =
perhaps the analysis to eliminate them is too hard for the compiler.
2. But is it a good example?
The purpose was never parsing C comments but to provide an example of =
how rx can help. Can we find something simpler?
Here is regexp for a simple quoted string:
(rx ?\"
(* (or (not (or ?\\ ?\"))
(: ?\\ (or ?\\ ?\"))))
?\")
Would that be a better example? The backslashes obscure things a bit.
Right now I'm leaning towards using the proposed fix.
bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN:bug#76731; Package emacs.
Full text available.Stefan Kangas <stefankangas@HIDDEN>
to control <at> debbugs.gnu.org.
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charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 76731 Cc: =?UTF-8?Q?Mattias_Engdeg=C3=A5rd?= <mattias.engdegard@HIDDEN> X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit <at> debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18 Precedence: list List-Id: <debbugs-submit.debbugs.gnu.org> List-Unsubscribe: <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi-bin/mailman/options/debbugs-submit>, <mailto:debbugs-submit-request <at> debbugs.gnu.org?subject=unsubscribe> List-Archive: <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi-bin/mailman/private/debbugs-submit/> List-Post: <mailto:debbugs-submit <at> debbugs.gnu.org> List-Help: <mailto:debbugs-submit-request <at> debbugs.gnu.org?subject=help> List-Subscribe: <https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/debbugs-submit>, <mailto:debbugs-submit-request <at> debbugs.gnu.org?subject=subscribe> Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces <at> debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" <debbugs-submit-bounces <at> debbugs.gnu.org> X-Spam-Score: -1.0 (-) "Yue Yi" via "Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors" <bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN> writes: > Hello Emacs, > > In Elisp Manual's Rx Notation section, we have > > ------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Here is an =E2=80=98rx=E2=80=99 regexp(1) that matches a block comment= in the C > programming language: > > (rx "/*" ; Initial /* > (zero-or-more > (or (not "*") ; Either non-*, > (seq "*" ; or * followed by > (not "/")))) ; non-/ > (one-or-more "*") ; At least one star, > "/") ; and the final / > > or, using shorter synonyms and written more compactly, > > (rx "/*" > (* (| (not "*") > (: "*" (not "/")))) > (+ "*") "/") > > In conventional string syntax, it would be written > > "/\\*\\(?:[^*]\\|\\*[^/]\\)*\\*+/" > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Sadly, this regexp is not correct, as demonstated by this simple > example: (Try M-x isearch-forward-regexp with > /\*\(?:[^*]\|\*[^/]\)*\*+/) > > /***/ 123 /* anything else */ > > As you can see, the entire line above is highlighted by the search, > meaning that the whole line has been matched. In fact, this issue > occurs when the number of asterisks in /*(nstar)*/ is odd. > > The correct regular expression is: > > /\*\(?:[^*]\|\*+[^*/]\)*\*+/ > > The corresponding RX expression in the original document could be: > > (rx "/*" > (zero-or-more > (or (not "*") > (seq (one-or-more "*") > (not (or "*" "/"))))) > (one-or-more "*") > "/") > > Or: > > (rx "/*" > (* (| (not "*") > (: (1+ "*") (not (or "*" "/"))))) > (1+ "*") "/") > > BTW, using non-greedy `*?', the simplest way might be: > > (rx "/*" > (*? anything) > "*/") > > "/\\*[^z-a]*?\\*/" or "/\\*\\(?:.\\|\n\\)*?\\*/" > > Regards. Mattias, any comments?
bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN:bug#76731; Package emacs.
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"Yue Yi" <include_yy@HIDDEN>:bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN.
Full text available.bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN:bug#76731; Package emacs.
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