GNU bug report logs - #77048
30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at compile-time and runtime

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Message #5 received at submit <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
To: bug-gnu-emacs <at> gnu.org
Subject: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at compile-time and
 runtime
Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2025 15:21:06 +0800

Hello Emacs maintainers,  

When using `cl-load-time-value` from `cl-lib`, I encountered an issue
where the macro fails during both byte-compilation and runtime:

`reference to free variable ‘--cl-load-time--0’`  

I find this macro is quite useful for performing compile-time
computations within a function body without polluting global variable
names and relying on `cl-macrolet`.

Thank you for taking the time to look into this.  

Best regards,  
Bohong Huang

---

In GNU Emacs 30.1 (build 1, x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.24.48,
cairo version 1.18.2)
System Description: Manjaro Linux

Configured using:
 'configure --with-pgtk --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr
 --libexecdir=/usr/lib --localstatedir=/var --disable-build-details
 --with-cairo --with-harfbuzz --with-libsystemd --with-modules
 --with-native-compilation=aot --with-tree-sitter 'CFLAGS=-march=x86-64
 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -fno-plt -fexceptions -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3
 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fstack-clash-protection
 -fcf-protection -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -g
 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/emacs/src=/usr/src/debug/emacs -flto=auto'
 'LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--sort-common -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-z,relro
 -Wl,-z,now -Wl,-z,pack-relative-relocs -flto=auto'
 'CXXFLAGS=-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -fno-plt -fexceptions
 -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3 -Wformat -Werror=format-security
 -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -fno-omit-frame-pointer
 -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -g
 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/emacs/src=/usr/src/debug/emacs -flto=auto''

Configured features:
ACL CAIRO DBUS FREETYPE GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS GPM GSETTINGS HARFBUZZ JPEG
LCMS2 LIBOTF LIBSYSTEMD LIBXML2 MODULES NATIVE_COMP NOTIFY INOTIFY
PDUMPER PGTK PNG RSVG SECCOMP SOUND SQLITE3 THREADS TIFF
TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS TREE_SITTER WEBP XIM GTK3 ZLIB

Important settings:
  value of $LC_MONETARY: zh_CN.UTF-8
  value of $LC_NUMERIC: zh_CN.UTF-8
  value of $LC_TIME: zh_CN.UTF-8
  value of $LANG: zh_CN.UTF-8
  value of $XMODIFIERS: @im=fcitx
  locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix

Major mode: Markdown

Minor modes in effect:
  global-git-commit-mode: t
  magit-auto-revert-mode: t
  server-mode: t
  corfu-popupinfo-mode: t
  gptel-mode: t
  org-roam-db-autosync-mode: t
  org-media-note-mode: t
  org-edna-mode: t
  recentf-mode: t
  savehist-mode: t
  nerd-icons-completion-mode: t
  marginalia-mode: t
  tempel-tab-mode: t
  show-smartparens-mode: t
  smartparens-mode: t
  repeat-mode: t
  which-key-mode: t
  sis-global-context-mode: t
  sis-context-mode: t
  sis-global-respect-mode: t
  sis-global-cursor-color-mode: t
  sis-auto-refresh-mode: t
  isearch-mb-mode: t
  global-treesit-auto-mode: t
  pixel-scroll-precision-mode: t
  popper-echo-mode: t
  popper-mode: t
  cnfonts-mode: t
  vertico-mouse-mode: t
  vertico-mode: t
  mode-line-bell-mode: t
  doom-modeline-mode: t
  winner-mode: t
  minibuffer-depth-indicate-mode: t
  override-global-mode: t
  url-handler-mode: t
  tooltip-mode: t
  global-eldoc-mode: t
  eldoc-mode: t
  electric-indent-mode: t
  mouse-wheel-mode: t
  file-name-shadow-mode: t
  context-menu-mode: t
  global-font-lock-mode: t
  font-lock-mode: t
  blink-cursor-mode: t
  minibuffer-regexp-mode: t
  column-number-mode: t
  line-number-mode: t
  transient-mark-mode: t
  auto-composition-mode: t
  auto-encryption-mode: t
  auto-compression-mode: t

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/home/coco24/.emacs.d/elpa/org-9.8pre0.20250312.181832/ob-dot hides /usr/share/emacs/30.1/lisp/org/ob-dot
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/home/coco24/.emacs.d/elpa/org-9.8pre0.20250312.181832/ob-css hides /usr/share/emacs/30.1/lisp/org/ob-css
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/home/coco24/.emacs.d/elpa/org-9.8pre0.20250312.181832/ob-calc hides /usr/share/emacs/30.1/lisp/org/ob-calc
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Memory information:
((conses 16 1523626 303747) (symbols 48 74443 7)
 (strings 32 403808 16211) (string-bytes 1 13792902)
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Message #8 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Eli Zaretskii <eliz <at> gnu.org>
To: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>,
 Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1;
 Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at compile-time and runtime
Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2025 14:30:53 +0200

> Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2025 15:21:06 +0800
> From:  Bohong Huang via "Bug reports for GNU Emacs,
>  the Swiss army knife of text editors" <bug-gnu-emacs <at> gnu.org>
> 
> 
> Hello Emacs maintainers,  
> 
> When using `cl-load-time-value` from `cl-lib`, I encountered an issue
> where the macro fails during both byte-compilation and runtime:
> 
> `reference to free variable ‘--cl-load-time--0’`  

I'm guessing your Lisp file doesn't have the lexical-binding cookie.
If it did, you should have seen a different warning.

> I find this macro is quite useful for performing compile-time
> computations within a function body without polluting global variable
> names and relying on `cl-macrolet`.

Stefan, any comments?

Message #11 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
To: Eli Zaretskii <eliz <at> gnu.org>
Cc: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>, 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2025 20:56:10 +0800

`lexical-binding` is enabled for sure, which is, IMO, exactly why the
compiler deems `--cl-load-time--0` a free variable. This issue can be
reproduced by inserting `(cl-load-time-value t)` in any existing `.el`
file with lexical binding enabled.

Eli Zaretskii <eliz <at> gnu.org> writes:

> I'm guessing your Lisp file doesn't have the lexical-binding cookie.
> If it did, you should have seen a different warning.

Message #14 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
To: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2025 17:03:56 -0400

> When using `cl-load-time-value` from `cl-lib`, I encountered an issue
> where the macro fails during both byte-compilation and runtime:
>
> `reference to free variable ‘--cl-load-time--0’`  

I tried

    ;; -*- lexical-binding:t -*-
    
    (require 'cl-lib)
    
    (defun my-foo ()
      (time-convert (time-subtract (current-time)
                                   (cl-load-time-value (current-time)))
                    'integer))

and I did get the above warning at compile-time, but it did work
correctly after loading the `.elc` file.
I.e. `M-: (my-foo)` gives me the number of seconds since the file was loaded.

My crystal ball tells me that perhaps you're using `cl-load-time-value`
"at toplevel" rather than within a function?  In that case, indeed,
I think the macro will fail because it relies on

    (defun cl--compiling-top-level-p ()
      "Nil if we're in the middle of byte-compiling something."
      ;; ¡¡Yuck!!
      (not (and (fboundp 'byte-compile-file-form-defmumble)
                ;; FIXME: These are lexical now!
                (boundp 'bytecomp-this-kind) (boundp 'bytecomp-that-one))))

which has stopped working with:

    commit ca1055060d5793e368c1a165c412944d6800c3a6
    Author: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
    Date:   Wed Mar 16 16:08:39 2011 -0400
    
        Remove bytecomp- prefix, plus misc changes.

which made `(bytecomp-)this-kind` into a lexically scoped variable.
So, this is a long-standing bug (of which I've been somewhat aware, as
the FIXME above suggests).
The current implementation of `cl-load-time-value` is fairly
ugly/hackish, so I'd rather not add yet more hideous hacks to it.

> I find this macro is quite useful for performing compile-time
> computations within a function body without polluting global variable
> names and relying on `cl-macrolet`.

Hmm... I don't quite follow: `cl-load-time-value` does not perform
compile-time evaluation but load-time evaluation, as its name suggests.
Maybe you could/should use `eval-when-compile` instead?

Can you show some examples of how you use `cl-load-time-value`?
Maybe some detail may give me an idea how to go about making it work
without making it worse.


        Stefan

Message #17 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
To: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2025 00:58:00 +0800

> My crystal ball tells me that perhaps you're using `cl-load-time-value`
> "at toplevel" rather than within a function? 

No, actually, I am using it within a function.

> Can you show some examples of how you use `cl-load-time-value`?
> Maybe some detail may give me an idea how to go about making it work
> without making it worse.

I created a minimal package to reproduce this issue, please check that
out: https://github.com/bohonghuang/cl-load-time-value-test.git

In my test (with native compilation), simply running command `ltvt-test`
results in an error:

funcall-interactively: Symbol’s value as variable is void:
--cl-load-time--0

> Hmm... I don't quite follow: `cl-load-time-value` does not perform
> compile-time evaluation but load-time evaluation, as its name suggests.
> Maybe you could/should use `eval-when-compile` instead?

You are right. My description was inaccurate, but the general idea is
that I hope the form in `cl-load-time-value` can be evaluated before
the function is actually called, and return an object that is always
`eq`. Maybe it's due to the load-time evaluation that makes using
`cl-load-time-value` sometimes be more convenient, as it does not
require wrapping all functions in the same file as the caller on the
call chain within `eval-when-compile`, just as I provided in the example
package.

Message #20 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
To: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2025 23:13:37 -0400

> I created a minimal package to reproduce this issue, please check that
> out: https://github.com/bohonghuang/cl-load-time-value-test.git
>
> In my test (with native compilation), simply running command `ltvt-test`
> results in an error:
>
> funcall-interactively: Symbol’s value as variable is void:
> --cl-load-time--0

I don't see that.  Can you show in detail the steps you go through?
I did put your file in ~/tmp/foo.el, then byte-compiled it, then did

    emacs -Q -l ~/tmp/foo

then waited a little for the native compiler to kick in, and then

    M-x ltvt-test RET

which did nothing.
Doing that `M-x` a second time gave me the message "Test message".
Same thing without native compilation.

>> Hmm... I don't quite follow: `cl-load-time-value` does not perform
>> compile-time evaluation but load-time evaluation, as its name suggests.
>> Maybe you could/should use `eval-when-compile` instead?
>
> You are right. My description was inaccurate, but the general idea is
> that I hope the form in `cl-load-time-value` can be evaluated before
> the function is actually called, and return an object that is always
> `eq`.  Maybe it's due to the load-time evaluation that makes using
> `cl-load-time-value` sometimes be more convenient, as it does not
> require wrapping all functions in the same file as the caller on the
> call chain within `eval-when-compile`, just as I provided in the example
> package.

In my experience, it's always quite easy to rewrite the code without the
use of `cl-load-time-value` by moving that code outside to some earlier
`defconst`.  So I do that because I shudder at the idea of relying on
the hackish implementation of `cl-load-time-value`.  🙂

I think its main use case is in macros where you may not have the
liberty to move the code to some earlier `defconst`, so you're stuck
asking `cl-load-time-value` to do it for you.


        Stefan

Message #23 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
To: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 01:26:06 +0800

> I don't see that.  Can you show in detail the steps you go through?
> I did put your file in ~/tmp/foo.el, then byte-compiled it, then did
>
>     emacs -Q -l ~/tmp/foo
>
> then waited a little for the native compiler to kick in, and then
>
>     M-x ltvt-test RET
>
> which did nothing.
> Doing that `M-x` a second time gave me the message "Test message".
> Same thing without native compilation.
>

Interestingly, I can't even byte-compile it (type `B` in Dired), only to
get the following error reported 😢:

   Compiling file /tmp/cl-load-time-value-test.el at Wed Mar 19 01:04:46 2025
   Entering directory ‘/tmp/’

   In ltvt-test:
   cl-load-time-value-test.el:41:4: Warning: reference to free variable
       ‘--cl-load-time--281’
   cl-load-time-value-test.el: Error: End of file during parsing

However, my previous way of reproducing the issue was through
`package-vc-install`, which can be successfully native-compiled.
Confirmed by checking the function's documentation:

   ltvt-test is an autoloaded interactive native-comp-function in
   ‘cl-load-time-value-test.el’.

   (ltvt-test)

   Inferred type: (function nil t)

   Not documented.

   [back]

Yet running the command reports the following error:

   Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-variable --cl-load-time--0)
     ltvt-test()
     funcall-interactively(ltvt-test)
     command-execute(ltvt-test record)
     execute-extended-command(nil "ltvt-test" nil)
     funcall-interactively(execute-extended-command nil "ltvt-test" nil)
     command-execute(execute-extended-command)

> In my experience, it's always quite easy to rewrite the code without the
> use of `cl-load-time-value` by moving that code outside to some earlier
> `defconst`.  So I do that because I shudder at the idea of relying on
> the hackish implementation of `cl-load-time-value`.  🙂
>
> I think its main use case is in macros where you may not have the
> liberty to move the code to some earlier `defconst`, so you're stuck
> asking `cl-load-time-value` to do it for you.

You're right, but just like this special form is used in Common Lisp,
it's very convenient to wrap a form in `load-time-value` in place to
avoid some repeat evaluations during multiple calls. Perhaps for my
example, I should indeed use `defconst`, while using `eval-when-compile`
for other cases that do not involve function calls in the same file.

Message #26 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
To: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2025 14:00:17 -0400

>    In ltvt-test:
>    cl-load-time-value-test.el:41:4: Warning: reference to free variable
>        ‘--cl-load-time--281’

That's not an error, but a warning.

>    cl-load-time-value-test.el: Error: End of file during parsing

This usually means a missing closing paren somewhere.
My crystal ball tells me you're not using the same code as the one in
the Git repo you sent.

> However, my previous way of reproducing the issue was through
> `package-vc-install`, which can be successfully native-compiled.
> Confirmed by checking the function's documentation:
>
>    ltvt-test is an autoloaded interactive native-comp-function in
>    ‘cl-load-time-value-test.el’.
>
>    (ltvt-test)
>
>    Inferred type: (function nil t)
>
>    Not documented.
>
>    [back]
>
> Yet running the command reports the following error:
>
>    Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-variable --cl-load-time--0)
>      ltvt-test()
>      funcall-interactively(ltvt-test)
>      command-execute(ltvt-test record)
>      execute-extended-command(nil "ltvt-test" nil)
>      funcall-interactively(execute-extended-command nil "ltvt-test" nil)
>      command-execute(execute-extended-command)

As long as I can't reproduce it here, I can't really
investigate further.


        Stefan

Message #29 received at 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org (full text, mbox):

From: Bohong Huang <bohonghuang <at> qq.com>
To: Stefan Monnier <monnier <at> iro.umontreal.ca>
Cc: 77048 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
Subject: Re: bug#77048: 30.1; Macro `cl-load-time-value` malfunctioning at
 compile-time and runtime
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:24:11 +0800

>>    In ltvt-test:
>>    cl-load-time-value-test.el:41:4: Warning: reference to free variable
>>        ‘--cl-load-time--281’
>
> That's not an error, but a warning.
>
>>    cl-load-time-value-test.el: Error: End of file during parsing
>
> This usually means a missing closing paren somewhere.
> My crystal ball tells me you're not using the same code as the one in
> the Git repo you sent.

I can confirm the identity of code used by the two methods. If that’s
the case, this parsing error issue might be beyond the scope of this
thread, and I may report it separately.

>> However, my previous way of reproducing the issue was through
>> `package-vc-install`, which can be successfully native-compiled.
>> Confirmed by checking the function's documentation:
>>
>>    ltvt-test is an autoloaded interactive native-comp-function in
>>    ‘cl-load-time-value-test.el’.
>>
>>    (ltvt-test)
>>
>>    Inferred type: (function nil t)
>>
>>    Not documented.
>>
>>    [back]
>>
>> Yet running the command reports the following error:
>>
>>    Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-variable --cl-load-time--0)
>>      ltvt-test()
>>      funcall-interactively(ltvt-test)
>>      command-execute(ltvt-test record)
>>      execute-extended-command(nil "ltvt-test" nil)
>>      funcall-interactively(execute-extended-command nil "ltvt-test" nil)
>>      command-execute(execute-extended-command)
>
> As long as I can't reproduce it here, I can't really
> investigate further.

Alright, I'll tinker with this issue myself. Thank you for the time
you've spent on it so far! 😉

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