GNU bug report logs - #79446
9.7: cp(1): Unnecessary writes / incorrect logging messages

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Subject: Re: 9.7: cp(1): Unnecessary writes / incorrect logging messages
To: Kye Hunter <kye.evan.hunter@HIDDEN>
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On 2025-09-13 06:44, Kye Hunter wrote:

> 1. The one that is more inconvenient for me is that at the end of the
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 process, cp rewrites the permission bits on the target di=
rectory,
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 even when they match the current permission bits (line 93=
 of the
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 trace).

Yes. Unfortunately it's more complicated than the mode, as the Linux=20
xattr library don't give 'cp' an easy way to test whether the extended=20
attributes are identical. We could add this to our list of things to do=20
but any changes along these lines would be nontrivial.


> 2. The other odd thing in the trace is that there are some kind of odd
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 shenanigans going on with the two identical binary files,=
 and a
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 third temporary file that cp makes and then removes. I do=
n't really
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 follow the logic of the series of "linkat"s, "renameat"s,=
 and
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 "unlinkat"s around lines 70-80 of the trace, but while I =
could
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 accept that they're somehow useful, what definitely seems=
 like a bug
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 is the message printed (due to being in verbose mode) at =
line 98 of
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 the trace. The message makes the claim that a certain fil=
e in the
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 target directory was removed, but it's definitely still p=
resent

It was removed, and replaced by a hard link to another file in the=20
destination, presumably so that the pattern of hard links in the=20
destination is identical to that in the source.

The linkat dance is merely to make sure that the destination always=20
exists; there is never even the tiniest window during which the=20
destination is temporarily absent while cp is running.

>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 the trace doesn't show any equivalent writes to the targe=
t
>  =C2=A0=C2=A0 directory, only the ones in the source directory

I see only writes to the target directory.

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From: Kye Hunter <kye.evan.hunter@HIDDEN>
Subject: 9.7: cp(1): Unnecessary writes / incorrect logging messages
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Message-ID: <cb2e22b6-e562-4103-b0c8-179301d18b07@HIDDEN>
Subject: 9.7: cp(1): Unnecessary writes / incorrect logging messages

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    <meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DUTF=
-8">
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    Hi all,<br>
    <br>
    While trying to use cp for a fairly simple script I'm writing, I
    noticed two sort of odd things going on. The first might not really
    be a bug, but I find it rather inconvenient. The second seems to
    involve a bug, but it doesn't really affect my use-case.<br>
    <br>
    The command I can see the reproduced with is the following:<br>
    strace cp --verbose --preserve=3Dall --no-preserve=3Dtimestamps
    --parents --recursive --update=3Dolder
    --target-directory=3D"/home/kye/test" "."<br>
    where the "." directory contains three files (some random build
    files), two of which happen to be identical binaries. (I've attached
    the full trace to this message.)<br>
    <br>
    More specifically, the odd behavior occurs when I run the same
    command multiple times in a row, without changing any of the data
    being copied. Due to the --update=3Dolder flag, I would more or less
    expect that no writes should be made, but a few writes continue to
    occur every time the command is rerun. From the strace output, we
    can see that there are two things going on:<br>
    <ol>
      <li>The one that is more inconvenient for me is that at the end of
        the process, cp rewrites the permission bits on the target
        directory, even when they match the current permission bits
        (line 93 of the trace). Writes to the target directory are
        specifically undesirable because in my case the target directory
        will be an external btrfs subvolume which has very little IO, so
        the usual way to tell if there have been any changes to the
        subvolume is with its "generation number"; if cp is
        unnecessarily overwriting identical permission bits though, the
        generation number will be incremented even when no data has
        changed.=C2=A0Even outside of my use-case, an extra chmod that is=
n't
        actually changing anything is still a small opportunity for
        better optimization, especially since, when recursively copying
        (updating) a large directory tree, every directory in the tree
        will have it's permission bits overwritten. I should also note
        that this kind of behavior is not limited to btrfs, but I have
        also observed it on ZFS. On ZFS, a diff taken between two
        snapshots of a volume taken before and after a (ideally) null
        copy will also show that also the directories were modified.</li>=

      <li>The other odd thing in the trace is that there are some kind
        of odd shenanigans going on with the two identical binary files,
        and a third temporary file that cp makes and then removes. I
        don't really follow the logic of the series of "linkat"s,
        "renameat"s, and "unlinkat"s around lines 70-80 of the trace,
        but while I could accept that they're somehow useful, what
        definitely seems like a bug is the message printed (due to being
        in verbose mode) at line 98 of the trace. The message makes the
        claim that a certain file in the target directory was removed,
        but it's definitely still present, and the trace doesn't show
        any equivalent writes to the target directory, only the ones in
        the source directory that I mentioned above. This kind of
        behavior occurs with a lot of files in the directory tree I
        would like to be able to copy, but not all of them, nor even the
        majority of them. It's not really clear what causes it besides
        that in this case the files are identical binaries. It's also
        not really causing me any problems, it's just weird.</li>
    </ol>
    While I think it's true that there isn't really any reason that cp
    should need to guarantee that --update=3Dolder creates exactly 0
    writes in the target directory when there are no differences between
    the source and the target, in this case it seems like the current
    behavior is already close enough to getting it right that it would
    be worth making the change (avoiding "chmod"s that don't actually
    change any mode), if possible.<br>
    <br>
    Let me know if you need any other information from me!<br>
    =C2=A0<br>
    Thanks,<br>
    <br>
    -Kye<br>
    <br>
    <pre class=3D"moz-signature" cols=3D"72">--=20
Kye E. Hunter
PGP: 6859 E2DE D598 49EA 9319  10CD DEF2 BA03 A6BE 3062
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--------------XqF62CjNkYF4UZY1rgJnA1CX
Content-Type: application/pgp-keys; name="OpenPGP_0xDEF2BA03A6BE3062.asc"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_0xDEF2BA03A6BE3062.asc"
Content-Description: OpenPGP public key
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

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