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Subject: bug#79811: 29.3; query-replace-regexp with \, and ^ (previous match) uses wrong match
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When running interactively query-replace-regexp using \, in match string
to eval some lisp code on replacement, if one invokes previous match
with `^' followed by `y' (replace match), the replacement is done with
next match :-(

To reproduce the bug:

1) emacs -Q

We land on *scratch* buffer, whose text begins with ";; This buffer is for ..."

2) Go to beginning of text, on 1st `;'

3) Perform the following query-replace-regexp

C-M-% \([aeiou]\) RET \,(upcase \1) RET

4) Accept first with `y'.  Text becomes ";; ThIs buffer is for ..." and match
goes to `u'.

5) Deny second with `n', match goes to `e'.

6) Perform previous match with `^', match returns to `u'.

7) Now the bug: current match is `u', then accept with `y'.

Result:   ;; ThIs bEffer is for...

Replacement was done as if the current match was `e', not `u'.

Expected: ;; ThIs bUffer is for...

In GNU Emacs 29.3 (build 1, x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.24.41,
 cairo version 1.18.0) of 2024-04-01, modified by Debian built on
 lcy02-amd64-083
Windowing system distributor 'The X.Org Foundation', version 11.0.12101011
System Description: Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS

Configured using:
 'configure --build x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr
 --sharedstatedir=/var/lib --libexecdir=/usr/libexec
 --localstatedir=/var/lib --infodir=/usr/share/info
 --mandir=/usr/share/man --with-libsystemd --with-pop=yes
 --enable-locallisppath=/etc/emacs:/usr/local/share/emacs/29.3/site-lisp:/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp:/usr/share/emacs/29.3/site-lisp:/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
 --with-sound=alsa --without-gconf --with-mailutils
 --with-native-compilation --build x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr
 --sharedstatedir=/var/lib --libexecdir=/usr/libexec
 --localstatedir=/var/lib --infodir=/usr/share/info
 --mandir=/usr/share/man --with-libsystemd --with-pop=yes
 --enable-locallisppath=/etc/emacs:/usr/local/share/emacs/29.3/site-lisp:/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp:/usr/share/emacs/29.3/site-lisp:/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
 --with-sound=alsa --without-gconf --with-mailutils
 --with-native-compilation --with-cairo --with-x=yes
 --with-x-toolkit=gtk3 --with-toolkit-scroll-bars 'CFLAGS=-g -O2
 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer
 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/emacs-0yuuFP/emacs-29.3+1=. -fstack-protector-strong
 -fstack-clash-protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security
 -fcf-protection
 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/emacs-0yuuFP/emacs-29.3+1=/usr/src/emacs-1:29.3+1-1ubuntu2
 -Wall' 'CPPFLAGS=-Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3'
 'LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro''

Configured features:
ACL CAIRO DBUS FREETYPE GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS GPM GSETTINGS HARFBUZZ JPEG
JSON LCMS2 LIBOTF LIBSELINUX LIBSYSTEMD LIBXML2 M17N_FLT MODULES
NATIVE_COMP NOTIFY INOTIFY PDUMPER PNG RSVG SECCOMP SOUND SQLITE3
THREADS TIFF TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS TREE_SITTER WEBP X11 XDBE XIM XINPUT2
XPM GTK3 ZLIB

Important settings:
  value of $LANG: pt_BR.UTF-8
  value of $XMODIFIERS: @im=ibus
  locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix

Major mode: Lisp Interaction

Minor modes in effect:
  tooltip-mode: t
  global-eldoc-mode: t
  eldoc-mode: t
  show-paren-mode: t
  electric-indent-mode: t
  mouse-wheel-mode: t
  tool-bar-mode: t
  menu-bar-mode: t
  file-name-shadow-mode: t
  global-font-lock-mode: t
  font-lock-mode: t
  blink-cursor-mode: t
  line-number-mode: t
  indent-tabs-mode: t
  transient-mark-mode: t
  auto-composition-mode: t
  auto-encryption-mode: t
  auto-compression-mode: t

Load-path shadows:
None found.

Features:
(shadow sort mail-extr emacsbug message mailcap yank-media puny dired
dired-loaddefs rfc822 mml mml-sec password-cache epa derived epg rfc6068
epg-config gnus-util text-property-search mm-decode mm-bodies mm-encode
mail-parse rfc2231 mailabbrev gmm-utils mailheader sendmail rfc2047
rfc2045 ietf-drums mm-util mail-prsvr mail-utils time-date thingatpt
cl-loaddefs comp comp-cstr warnings icons subr-x rx cl-seq cl-macs gv
cl-extra help-mode bytecomp byte-compile cl-lib rmc iso-transl tooltip
cconv eldoc paren electric uniquify ediff-hook vc-hooks lisp-float-type
elisp-mode mwheel term/x-win x-win term/common-win x-dnd tool-bar dnd
fontset image regexp-opt fringe tabulated-list replace newcomment
text-mode lisp-mode prog-mode register page tab-bar menu-bar rfn-eshadow
isearch easymenu timer select scroll-bar mouse jit-lock font-lock syntax
font-core term/tty-colors frame minibuffer nadvice seq simple cl-generic
indonesian philippine cham georgian utf-8-lang misc-lang vietnamese
tibetan thai tai-viet lao korean japanese eucjp-ms cp51932 hebrew greek
romanian slovak czech european ethiopic indian cyrillic chinese
composite emoji-zwj charscript charprop case-table epa-hook
jka-cmpr-hook help abbrev obarray oclosure cl-preloaded button loaddefs
theme-loaddefs faces cus-face macroexp files window text-properties
overlay sha1 md5 base64 format env code-pages mule custom widget keymap
hashtable-print-readable backquote threads dbusbind inotify lcms2
dynamic-setting system-font-setting font-render-setting cairo
move-toolbar gtk x-toolkit xinput2 x multi-tty make-network-process
native-compile emacs)

Memory information:
((conses 16 77280 10744)
 (symbols 48 7183 0)
 (strings 32 19569 1449)
 (string-bytes 1 589011)
 (vectors 16 15349)
 (vector-slots 8 324678 17351)
 (floats 8 29 42)
 (intervals 56 299 0)
 (buffers 984 11))

-- 
Miguel Vinicius Santini Frasson
mvsfrasson@HIDDEN

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From: help-debbugs@HIDDEN (GNU bug Tracking System)
To: "Miguel V. S. Frasson" <mvsfrasson@HIDDEN>
Subject: bug#79811: Acknowledgement (29.3; query-replace-regexp with \,
 and ^ (previous match) uses wrong match)
Message-ID: <handler.79811.B.176282349511587.ack <at> debbugs.gnu.org>
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Subject: bug#79811: Acknowledgement (29.3; query-replace-regexp with \, and ^ (previous match) uses wrong match)
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From: "Miguel V. S. Frasson" <mvsfrasson@HIDDEN>
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2025 09:54:22 -0300
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Further information:

I couldn't reproduce the bug when replacement string doesn't contain "\,"

For instance, the query-replace-regexp

C-m-% \([aeiou]\) RET \,\1 RET

reproduces the bug, but

C-m-% \([aeiou]\) RET \1 RET

doesn't reproduce the bug (because there is no bug without \,).

Work around: to avoid the bug, after ^, quit replace, move point
before match and start replace again.


Em seg., 10 de nov. de 2025 =C3=A0s 22:12, GNU bug Tracking System
<help-debbugs@HIDDEN> escreveu:
>
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>
> --
> 79811: https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=3D79811
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--=20
Miguel Vinicius Santini Frasson
mvsfrasson@HIDDEN

Message sent to bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN:

Subject: bug#79811: 29.3; query-replace-regexp with \, and ^ (previous match) uses wrong match
Resent-From: Juri Linkov <juri@HIDDEN>
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>> Work around: to avoid the bug, after ^, quit replace, move point
>> before match and start replace again.
>
> Thanks.
>
> Juri, could you please look into this?

I see there is the following comment about '^' ('backup'):

  ;; Record previous position for ^ when we move on.
  ;; Change markers to numbers in the match data
  ;; since lots of markers slow down editing.

I guess this doesn't play well with next called only for the current match:

  ;; Calculate the replacement string, if necessary.
  (when replacements
    (set-match-data real-match-data)
    (setq next-replacement
          (funcall (car replacements) (cdr replacements)
                   replace-count)))

Trying to change this complex logic will surely break other cases.

So first we need to write more tests covering all possible cases,
including query-replace-regexp with \, and ^.

BTW, such tests will also help later to migrate query-replace
from 'read-key' to the minibuffer char-reading functions
that will simplify query-replace interactions and will obsolete
such keys as 'C-r' that enters recursive edit, etc.

Message sent to bug-gnu-emacs@HIDDEN:

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> From: Juri Linkov <juri@HIDDEN>
> Cc: "Miguel V. S. Frasson" <mvsfrasson@HIDDEN>,  79811 <at> debbugs.gnu.org
> Date: Sun, 23 Nov 2025 09:25:08 +0200
> 
> >> Work around: to avoid the bug, after ^, quit replace, move point
> >> before match and start replace again.
> >
> > Thanks.
> >
> > Juri, could you please look into this?
> 
> I see there is the following comment about '^' ('backup'):
> 
>   ;; Record previous position for ^ when we move on.
>   ;; Change markers to numbers in the match data
>   ;; since lots of markers slow down editing.
> 
> I guess this doesn't play well with next called only for the current match:
> 
>   ;; Calculate the replacement string, if necessary.
>   (when replacements
>     (set-match-data real-match-data)
>     (setq next-replacement
>           (funcall (car replacements) (cdr replacements)
>                    replace-count)))
> 
> Trying to change this complex logic will surely break other cases.
> 
> So first we need to write more tests covering all possible cases,
> including query-replace-regexp with \, and ^.
> 
> BTW, such tests will also help later to migrate query-replace
> from 'read-key' to the minibuffer char-reading functions
> that will simplify query-replace interactions and will obsolete
> such keys as 'C-r' that enters recursive edit, etc.

Thanks, sounds like a good plan.  Patches welcome.

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>> BTW, such tests will also help later to migrate query-replace
>> from 'read-key' to the minibuffer char-reading functions
>> that will simplify query-replace interactions and will obsolete
>> such keys as 'C-r' that enters recursive edit, etc.
>
> Thanks, sounds like a good plan.  Patches welcome.

I tried to replace 'read-key' with the minibuffer-reading functions,
but this never will be possible because for backward-compatibility
any key that is not in 'query-replace-map' should exit query-replace
(like Isearch is exited by any other char).  For example, 'C-x o'
can't be used to switch from the minibuffer, because it should
exit query-replace before switching to other window.

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> I couldn't reproduce the bug when replacement string doesn't contain "\,"
>
> For instance, the query-replace-regexp
>
> C-m-% \([aeiou]\) RET \,\1 RET
>
> reproduces the bug, but
>
> C-m-% \([aeiou]\) RET \1 RET
>
> doesn't reproduce the bug (because there is no bug without \,).
>
> Work around: to avoid the bug, after ^, quit replace, move point
> before match and start replace again.

I see that '^' is completely broken and never worked correctly
even when the replacement string doesn't contain '\,'.
It ignores and skips the adjacent matches.
This is demonstrated by this test:

diff --git a/test/lisp/replace-tests.el b/test/lisp/replace-tests.el
index d8f2060c5f1..f8d2422b6e5 100644
--- a/test/lisp/replace-tests.el
+++ b/test/lisp/replace-tests.el
@@ -437,6 +437,9 @@ query-replace-tests
     ("abab" "C-M-% b* RET 1 RET !" "1a1a1")
     ;; Test case from commit 5632eb272c7
     ("a a a " "C-M-% \\ba SPC RET c RET !" "ccc") ; not "ca c"
+    ("abc" "C-M-% \\([abc]\\) RET [\\1] RET y n ^ y y"    "[a][b]yc") ;; should be "[a][b][c]"
+    ("abc" "C-M-% \\([abc]\\) RET [\\,\\1] RET y n ^ y y" "[a][c]yc") ;; should be "[a][b][c]"
     ))

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close 79811 31.0.50
thanks

> When running interactively query-replace-regexp using \, in match string
> to eval some lisp code on replacement, if one invokes previous match
> with `^' followed by `y' (replace match), the replacement is done with
> next match :-(

Thanks for the bug report, it's fixed now.

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Subject: Re: bug#79811: 29.3; query-replace-regexp with \, and ^ (previous
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close 79811 31.0.50
thanks

> When running interactively query-replace-regexp using \, in match string
> to eval some lisp code on replacement, if one invokes previous match
> with `^' followed by `y' (replace match), the replacement is done with
> next match :-(

Thanks for the bug report, it's fixed now.

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 acX4Tgb3mmyGfEhvvZqNri/wGAOjA+qzLrqxO6GUA3Zdeq5iMQCS/EHpUt78udqPTjM/rv/srLmNR
 wmLYsf6o5fAmSKAs2AFx9QCTp7ONhRJvMxTOwg/oCJeyaP7foTLnyaby2QuvsYZK/zBz0cqUOAY9a
 jfOURXWaYmYo8g6s1sUIVA==;
Date: Sat, 22 Nov 2025 12:10:43 +0200
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From: Eli Zaretskii <eliz@HIDDEN>
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 (mvsfrasson@HIDDEN)
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> From: "Miguel V. S. Frasson" <mvsfrasson@HIDDEN>
> Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2025 09:54:22 -0300
> 
> Further information:
> 
> I couldn't reproduce the bug when replacement string doesn't contain "\,"
> 
> For instance, the query-replace-regexp
> 
> C-m-% \([aeiou]\) RET \,\1 RET
> 
> reproduces the bug, but
> 
> C-m-% \([aeiou]\) RET \1 RET
> 
> doesn't reproduce the bug (because there is no bug without \,).
> 
> Work around: to avoid the bug, after ^, quit replace, move point
> before match and start replace again.

Thanks.

Juri, could you please look into this?

Last modified: Tue, 25 Nov 2025 20:45:01 UTC

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